MCA2050 - COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE

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SUMMER-2015 ASSIGNMENT

PROGRAM	MCA(REVISED FALL 2012)
SEMESTER	SECOND
SUBJECT CODE & NAME	MCA2050- COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
CREDITS	4
BK ID	B1648
MARKS	60

Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme.

1. What is the difference between process and thread?

Answer : A process is an executing instance of an application. What does that mean? Well, for example, when you double-click the Microsoft Word icon, you start a process that runs Word. A thread is a path of execution within a process. Also, a process can contain multiple threads. When you start Word, the operating system creates a process and begins executing the primary thread of that process.

Q. 2. Explain the any five types of addressing modes.

Answer:To reference a large range of locations in main memory, a variety of addressing technique are used. The common addressing modes are:

·         Immediate

·         Direct

·         Indirect

Q. 3. Describe the logical layout of both RISC and CISC computers

Answer:A computer with a large number of in­structions is classified as a complex instruction set computer, abbreviated CISC. In the early 1980s, a number of computer designers recommended that computers use fewer instructions with simple constructs so they can be exe­cuted much faster within the CPU without having to use memory as often. This type of computer is classified as a reduced instruction set computer or RISC. In this section we introduce the major characteristics of CISC and RISC architec­tures and then present the

Q. 4. Explain the concept of branch handling. What is delayed branching?

Answer:The recent process of globalization and its development hit all the nations of the world for their rapid development of trade, commerce and industries. Branch, therefore, is the result of rapid growth of business in the world. Since, there is an international access to the trade and commerce, business undertakings are opening their establishment nationally and internationally in the different parts of the world. Whatever the business undertaking opened by the organization, they are normally a segment of the original business undertaking

Q. 5. Explain any five types of vector instructions in detail.

Answer:In computing, a vector processor or array processor is a central processing unit (CPU) that implements an instruction set containing instructions that operate on one-dimensional arrays of data called vectors. (Compare scalar processors, whose instructions operate on single data items.) Vector processors can greatly improve performance on certain workloads, notably numerical simulation and similar tasks. Vector machines appeared in the early 1970s and dominated supercomputer design through the 1970s into the 1990s, notably the various Cray platforms. The rapid fall in the price-to-performance ratio of

Q. 6. Write short notes on:

a) UMA:Uniform memory access (UMA) is a shared memory architecture used in parallel computers. All the processors in the UMA model share the physical memory uniformly. In a UMA architecture, access time to a memory location is independent of which processor makes the request or which memory chip contains the

b) NUMA: NUMA is an alternative approach that links several small, cost-effective nodes using a high-performance connection. Each node contains processors and memory, much like a small SMP system. However, an advanced memory controller allows a node to use memory on all other nodes, creating a single system image.

Non-uniform memory access (NUMA) is a

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