BT9301, Computer Graphics

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Assignment

DRIVE	FALL 2015
PROGRAM	BSc IT
SEMESTER	SIXTH
SEMESTER CODE & NAME	BT9301, Computer Graphics
BK ID	B0810
CREDIT	4
MARKS	60

Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme.

Q1. Draw and explain the diagram of organization of video controller.

Answer: A video display controller or VDC is an integrated circuit which is the main component in a video signal generator, a device responsible for the production of a TV video signal in a computing or game system. Some VDCs also generate an audio signal, but that is not their main function.

VDCs were used in the home computers of the 1980s and also in some early video game systems.

The VDC is the main component of the video signal generator logic, responsible for generating the timing of video signals such as the horizontal and vertical synchronisation signals and the blanking interval signal. Sometimes other supporting chips were necessary to build a complete system, such as RAM to hold pixel data, ROM to hold character fonts,

Q2 Write and explain midpoint circle drawing algorithm.

Answer:  Algorithm: The objective of the algorithm is to find a path through the pixel grid using pixels which are as close as possible to solutions of x² + y² = r². At each step, the path is extended by choosing the adjacent pixel which satisfies x² + y² <= r² but maximizes x² + y² . Since the candidate pixels are adjacent, the arithmetic to calculate the latter expression is simplified, requiring only bit shifts and additions.

Q3 What do you mean by polygon filling? Explain flood fill algorithm for polygon filling.

Answer: Algorithm that determines the area connected to a given node in a multi-dimensional array. It is used in the "bucket" fill tool of paint programs to determine which parts of a bitmap to fill with color, and in puzzle games such as Minesweeper, Puyo Puyo, Lumines, Samegame and Magical Drop for determining which pieces are cleared. When applied on an image to fill a particular bounded area with color, it is also known as boundary fill.

Alternative Improved Algorithm

Q4 Write Liang Barkey’s line clipping algorithm. Write advantages of it.

Answer: Applet displays result of Liang-Barsky's Line Clipping Algorithm solution. There is initial line and clipping rectangle projected. The clipped part of initial line is highlighted by bolder and more contrast color. Interactivity affords to change parameters (positions of outer points and cornes) of initial line and clipping rectangle comfortably using mouse functionality:

v  Finding and marking closest flexible point

Q5. What do you mean by projection? Explain parallel projection and perspective projection.

Answer: projection is 'formed' on the view plane (planar geometric projection) rays (projectors) projected from the center of projection pass through each point of the models and intersect projection plane.

Since everything is synthetic, the projection plane can be in front of the models, inside the models, or behind the models.

Main types: perspective projection and parallel projection.

Parallel projection

Q6. Derive the 3-D transformation matrix to transform world coordinates to viewing coordinates.

Answer:  Answer:  A method of computing the 3D viewing transformation which transforms the right-hand world coordinate system to left-hand eye coordinate system is presented. he initial viewing parameters are choosen so as to be able to give an unrestricted view of the scene. In practice, however, some simplifications are most often used as default viewing parameters.

The projection plane, shown in Figure 1, has the

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