SUBJECT :INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

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Case Study Project

Total Marks: 80

SUBJECT :INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS

Case 1

(20 Marks)

Question.1.(a) What was the critical catalyst that led Kodak to start taking the Japanese market seriously?

Answer:Until early 1980s when Fuji launched an aggressive export drive, attacking Kodak in the north American and European markets.Kodak started selling photographic equipment on Japan 1889 and by the 1930s it had a dominant position in the Japanese market. But after World War II, U.S occupation forces persuaded most U.S companies including Kodak to leave Japan to give the war torn local industry a chance to recover. Kodak was effectively priced out of the market by tariff barriers; over the next 35 years Fuji gained 70% share of the market while Kodak saw its share slip to miserable 5%. During this period Kodak limited much of its

Question.1.(b) From the evidence given in the case do you think Kodak’s charges of unfair trading practices against Fujiare valid? Support your answer.

Answer:The charges were very valid. The Japanese government helped to create a ‘profile sanctuary’ for Fuji in Japan by systematically denying Kodak access to Japanese distribution channels for consumer film and paper. Kodak claims Fuji has effectively shut Kodak products out of four distributors that have a 70% share of the photo distribution market. Fuji has an equity position in two of the distributors, gives large year –end relates and cash payments to all four distributors as a reward for their loyalty to Fuji, and owns stakes in the banks that finance them. Kodak also claims that Fuji uses similar tactics to control 430 wholesale photo furnishing labs in Japan to which it is the exclusive supplier. Moreover Kodak’s petition claims that the Japanese government has actively encourages these practices

In 2005, Kodak Canada donated its entire historic company archives to Ryerson University in Toronto. The Ryerson University Library also acquired an extensive collection of materials on the history of photography from the private collection of Nicholas M. & Marilyn A. Graver of Rochester, New York. The Kodak Archives, begun in 1909, contain

Case 2

(20 Marks)

Questions:

Question.1.Which company is truly Multinational? Why?                                       

Answer:Two Senior executives of world’s largest firms with extensive holdings outside the home country speak.

Company A: “We are a multinational firm. We distribute our products in about 100 countries. We manufacture in over 17 countries and do research and development in three countries. We look at all new investment projects both domestic and overseas using exactly the same criteria”.

The execution from company A continues, “ of course the most of the key ports in our subsidiaries are held by home country nationals. Whenever replacements for these men are sought, it is the practice, if not the policy, to look next to you

Question.2. List three differences between Company, Multi National company and Trans Multi National Company? 

Answer:The executive from Company B goes on to explain, “the worldwide Product division concept is rather difficult to implement. The senior executivesincharge of this divisions have little overseas experience. They have been promoted from domestic ports and tend to view foreign consumers needs as really basically the same as ours. Also, product division executives tend to focus on domestic market, because it generates more revenue than foreign market. The rewards are for global performance, but strategy is to focus on domestic.

We tend to read the following terms and think they refer to any company doing business in anothercountry.

Case 3

(20 Marks)

Strategic R & D by TNCs in Developing Countries

Questions:

Question.1. (a) Explain why MNCs have located R & D centres in developing countries?   

Answer:TNCs have had long units in developing host countries for adapting products and processes to the local conditions, and in a few cases, to products for local markets. Since the min-1980s, however, they have also started locating strategic R & D centres in some developing countries, for developing generic technologies and products for regional or global markets. The main incentives for this are : (a) access to highly qualified scientists as shortages of research personnel emerge in certain fields in industrialised countries, (b) Cost differentials in research salaries between developing and industrialised countries, and (c) rationalisation of operations, assigning particular affiliates the responsibility for developing, manufacturing, and marketing particular products worldwide. Th new trends are more visible in industries dealing

Question.1. (b) Mention the areas where R & D activities can easily be decentralised. 

Answer:Research and Development (R&D), also known in Europe as research and technical (or technological) development (RTD), is a general term for activities in connection with corporate or governmental innovation. R&D is a component of Innovation and is situated at the front end of the Innovation lifecycle. Innovation builds on R&D and includes commercialization phases. The activities that are classified as R&D differ from company to company, but there are two primary models, with an R&D department being either staffed by engineers and tasked with directly developing new products, or staffed with industrial scientists and tasked with applied research in scientific or technological fields which may facilitate future

Case 4

(20 Marks)

Question.1.VK Ltd a multi-product Company, furnishes you the following data relating to the year 2000.

               First Half of the year      Second Half of the year

Sales                Rs. 45,000                               Rs. 50,000

Total Cost        Rs. 40,000                   Rs. 43,000

Assuming that there is no change in prices and variable costs and that the fixed expenses are incurred equally in the two half years periods calculate for the year 2000.

1. The Profit Volume ration

2. Fixed Expenses

3. Break-Even Sales

4. Percentage of margin of safety.

5 Marks each

Answer:VARIABEL  COST   27000      30000      57000     

FIXED  COST   13000      13000      26000              

     40000      43000      83000     

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