QM0012- STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL AND PROCESS CAPABILITY

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ASSIGNMENT

DRIVE	FALL  2014
PROGRAM	MBADS – (SEM 3/SEM 5) / MBAN2 / MBAFLEX – (SEM 3) PGDTQMN – (SEM 1)
SUBJECT CODE & NAME	QM0012- STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL AND PROCESS CAPABILITY
SEMESTER	3
CREDIT	4
MARKS	60

Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme.

Q.1 Explain the concept of Cause and Effect Diagram, Check Sheet and Scatter Diagram.

Answer:It is One of the seven tools of quality, it shows the relationship of all factors (causes) that lead to the given situation (effect). It identifies major causes and breaks them down into sub-causes and further sub-divisions (if any). It is usually preceded by cause-and-effect analysis. Also called fishbone diagram (because of its resemblance to a fish skeleton) or Ishikawa diagram, after its inventor Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa (1915-89) of Tokyo's Mushasi Institute.

Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa, a Japanese quality control expert, is credited with inventing the fishbone diagram to help employees avoid solutions that merely

Q.2 Describe Deming’s Funnel experiment and Red Bead Experiment.

Answer:Deming’s Funnel experiment:The Funnel Experiment was devised by Dr. Deming to describe the adverse effects of tampering with a process by making changes to it without first making a careful study of the possible causes of the variation in that process.

In the experiment, a marble is dropped through a funnel onto a sheet of paper, which contains a target. The objective of the process is to get the marble to come to a stop as close to the target as possible. The experiment uses several methods to attempt to manipulate the funnel’s location to achieve the objective.

The learning or “rules” of the experiment can be

Q.3 Write short notes on

a) Binomial Distribution

b) Normal Distribution

Answer:a) Binomial Distribution: When you flip a coin, there are two possible outcomes: heads and tails. Each outcome has a fixed probability, the same from trial to trial. In the case of coins, heads and tails each have the same probability of 1/2. More generally, there are situations in which the coin is biased, so that heads and tails have different probabilities. In the present section, we consider probability distributions for which there are just two possible outcomes with fixed probabilities summing to one. These distributions are called binomial distributions.

A Simple Example:

The four possible outcomes that could occur if you flipped a

b) Normal Distribution: The normal distribution is defined by the following equation:

Normal equation. The value of the random variable Y is:

Y = { 1/[ σ * sqrt(2π) ] } * e-(x - μ)2/2σ2

where X is a normal random variable, μ is the mean, σ is the standard deviation, π is approximately 3.14159, and e is approximately 2.71828.

The random variable X in the normal equation is called the normal random variable. The normal equation is the probability density function for the normal distribution.

Normal distributions have many convenient

Q.4.What is analysis of variance? Explain the procedure for carrying out Two way analysis of Variance with an example.

Answer:A statistical analysis tool that separates the total variability found within a data set into two components: random and systematic factors. The random factors do not have any statistical influence on the given data set, while the systematic factors do. The ANOVA test is used to determine the impact independent variables have on the dependent variable in a regression analysis. The ANOVA test is the initial step in identifying factors that are influencing a given data set. After the ANOVA test is performed, the analyst is able to perform further analysis

Q.5 Discuss the types of control charts. Explain with an example how to calculate p Chart and np Chart.

ANS:  Types of control charts:

The Control Chart Builder (CCB) enables you to create several types of control charts (Shewhart Variables, Shewhart Attribute, and Rare Event). To create a chart, you do not need to know the name or structure of a particular chart beforehand. Select the variables (or columns) that you want to chart, and then drag and drop them into zones. When you drag a data column to the workspace, Control Chart Builder creates an appropriate chart based on the data type and sample size. Once the basic chart is created, you can use the menus and other options to change the type, the statistic, and the format of the chart.

·         XBar-, R-, and S- Charts:For quality characteristics measured on a continuous scale, a typical analysis shows both the process mean and its

Q6. Explain the concept of Process Capability. Distinguish between Process Stability and Capability. Mention the major uses of Process Capability.

 (Explanation – 4 marks, Differences – 3 marks, Uses – 3)

Answer :  Process capability :

A process is a unique combination of tools, materials, methods, and people engaged in producing a measurable output; for example a manufacturing line for machine parts. All processes have inherent statistical variability which can be evaluated by statistical methods. The Process Capability is a measurable property of a process to the specification, expressed as a process capability index (e.g., C_pk or C_pm) or as a process performance index (e.g., P_pk or P_pm). The output of this measurement is usually illustrated by a histogram and calculations that predict

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