QM0012- STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL AND PROCESS CAPABILITY

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ASSIGNMENT

DRIVE FALL	2013
PROGRAM	MBADS – (SEM 3/SEM 5) / MBAN2 / MBAFLEX – (SEM 3) PGDTQMN – (SEM 1)
SUBJECT CODE & NAME	QM0012- STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL AND PROCESS CAPABILITY
SEMESTER	3
CREDITS	4
MARKS	60

Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately of 400 words. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme.

Q1. Explain the concept of Pareto Chart and Scatter Diagram. (Explanation of the concept of Pareto Chart, Explanation of the concept of Scatter Diagram) 5, 5

Answer: Pareto Chart

Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923) discovered that:

·         80% of the wealth in Italy was held by 20% of the population

·         20% of customers accounted for 80% of sales

·         20% of parts accounted for 80% of cost, etc.

These observations were confirmed by Juran (1960) and resulted in what is known as the Pareto Principle. The Pareto Principle states that: "Not all of the causes of a particular phenomenon occur with the same frequency or with the same impact". Pareto

Q2. a. Explain Poisson distribution. Give any two examples of Poisson distribution.

Answer:  Poisson Distribution

Poisson process is obtained when the binomial experiment is conducted many number of times. Here, the number of trials would be a large number. It is also a discrete probability distribution. If the probability of success  ‘p’ is small and the number of trials ‘n’ is large, the binomial probabilities are hard to calculate. In such cases, when ‘n’ is large and ‘p’ is small, the binomial distributions are approximated to Poisson distributions.

b. If 2% of electric bulbs manufactured by a certain company are defective, find the probability that in a sample of 200 bulbs i) less than 2 bulbs, ii) more than 3 bulbs are defective.[e-4 = 0.0183]

(Explanation of Poisson Distribution, Examples of Poisson Distribution, Calculation/Solution to the problem) 4, 1, 5

Answer: Solution
Solution
The probability of a defective bulb 

Q3. Explain the procedure generally followed in testing of a hypothesis. Write a detailed note on One- tailed and Two-tailed tests. (Procedure followed in testing hypothesis, Explanation of One tailed test, Explanation of Two tailed test) 5, 2.5, 2.5

Answer:  “Hypothesis” is a statement about a population parameter subject to verification. Let us illustrate with an example. Suppose a Manager of a Car Company says “if we drop the price of this car model by Rs.8000, we will sell 50,000 cars this year”, then such statement is called a “hypothesis”. In simple words, we make a claim. Such claim is called a “Hypothesis”.

The terms “Testing a Hypothesis” and “Hypothesis Testing” are used interchangeably. Hypothesis testing begins with an assumption or statement, called a “hypothesis” that we make about a population parameter. In that statement, we assume a

Q4. What is analysis of variance? State all the assumptions involved in analysis of variance technique. Explain the structure for One way analysis of variance or one way classification. (Meaning of analysis of variance, Assumptions, Structure of One way analysis of variance) 2, 3, 5

Answer: Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

The Analysis of Variance is one of the most powerful statistical techniques. It is a statistical test for heterogeneity of means by analysis of group variances. The analysis of variance technique, developed by R.A. Fisher in 1920s, is capable of fruitful application to diversity or practical problems. Basically, it consists of classifying and cross-classifying statistical results and testing whether the means of a specified classification differ significantly. In this way it is determined whether the given classification is important in affecting the results. For example, the output of a given process might be cross-classified by machines and operators (each operator having worked on each machine

Q5. Explain the different types of attribute control charts. Distinguish between control charts for variables and control charts for attributes. (Meaning of attribute control charts, Types of attribute control charts, Differences) 2, 4, 4

Answer: The Quality of many products and services is dependent upon characteristics which cannot be measured as variables. These are called attributes and may be counted, having been judged simply as either present or absent, conforming or non-conforming, acceptable or defective. Such properties as the general appearance of paint surface, accidents, the particles of contamination in a sample of polymer, clerical errors in an invoice and the number of telephone calls are all attribute parameters. It is clearly not possible to use the methods of measurement and control designed for variables when addressing the problem of attributes.

different types of control chart, which are based on different statistical distributions:

Q6. Explain the methodology for Statistical Process Control implementation (SPC). What are the benefits derived from SPC? (Methodology of SPC, Benefits) 6, 4

Answer:  

Implementation of Statistical Process Control

Successful implementation of SPC depends on the approach to the work being structured. This applies to all organizations, whatever their size, technology or product-service range. Unsuccessful SPC implementation programs usually show weakness within either the structure of the project or commitment to it. Any procedure adopted requires commitment from senior management to the objectives of the work and an in-house coordinator to be made available.

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