BT0064 - LOGIC DESIGN

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ASSIGNMENT

WINTER	2013
PROGRAM	BSc IT
SEMESTER	1
SUBJECT CODE & NAME	BT0064-LOGIC DESIGN
CREDIT	4
BK ID	B0948
MAX. MARKS	60

Note: Answer all questions. Kindly note that answers for 10 marks questions should be approximately of 400 words. Eachquestion is followed by evaluation scheme.

Q.1Expand the following Boolean functions into their canonical form:

i. f(X,Y,Z) =XY+YZ+ X Z+ X Y

ii. f(X,Y, Z) =XY+ X Y + X YZ

Answer: Canonical Form: -The word "canonical" simply means "standard" and it is used throughout mathematics and science to denote some standard form for equations. In digital electronics, Boolean equations are considered to be in canonical form when each of the terms in the equation includes all of the possible inputs and those terms appear in the same order as in the truth table. The canonical form is important when simplifying a circuit.

For example, imagine the solution to a given problem generated the following truth table:

Canonical Example #1 Inputs     Output

Q.2 Explain the concepts of Gray code and Excess-3 Code with their respective properties.

Answer: Gray code:-

The reflected binary code, also known as Gray code after Frank Gray, is a binary numeral system where two successive values differ in only one bit. The reflected binary code was originally designed to prevent spurious output from electromechanical switches. Today, Gray codes are widely used to facilitate error correction in digital communications such as digital terrestrial television and some cable TV systems.

The reflected binary code solves this problem by changing only one switch at a time, so there is never any ambiguity of position:-

Q.3 Explain the working of JK flip-flop in detail.

Answer: The J-K Flip-Flop IC is used to shift data from one point to another in a circuit in a timed fashion using a clock/strobe pulse to control the data flow. The J-K is also used as a binary counter. The number of bits in the counter byte is determined by the number of J-Ks that are linked (output-to-input fashion). As a teacher I found the J-K ideal for teaching the concepts of data shifting (control) and binary counting. My students could underatand these concepts easily enough. However, they had great difficulty visualizing the workings of the Flip-Flop action

Q.4 Define shift registers and explain SISO shift registers.

Answer: Shift registers: -In digital circuits, a shift register is a cascade of flip flops, sharing the same clock, in which the output of each flip-flop is connected to the "data" input of the next flip-flop in the chain, resulting in a circuit that shifts by one position the "bit array" stored in it, shifting in the data present at its input and shifting out the last bit in the array, at each transition of the clock input. More generally, a shift register may be multidimensional, such that it’s "data in" and stage outputs are themselves bit arrays: this is implemented simply by running several shift registers of the same bit-length in parallel.

Q.5 Explain how the error correction and compression take place in modems.

Answer: When transferring data over telephone lines using a modem, accidents can and do happen. Because the telephone network was not originally designed to transfer data, noise on the line can cause a modem to misinterpret the signal received from another modem causing data corruption. Under many circumstances, such corruption can cause severe problems (money lost and data rendered useless).

To combat such problems, the modem incorporates two separate methods of error correction, the Microcom Network Protocol (MNP) and the ITU-

Q.6 Explain any five common types of DAC.

Answer: A digital-to-analog converter (DAC or D-to-A) is a device for converting a digital (usually binary) code to an analog signal (current, voltage or charges). A DAC inputs a binary number and outputs an analog voltage or current signal.

The most common types of electronic DAC’s are:

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