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- BCA REVISED 2012
SEMESTER
II
SUBJECT
CODE & NAME BCA2030- OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING – C++
Q.
No. 1 Differentiate between Objects and Classes
[5+5]
10
Answer: Objects
can be a menu or button in an graphic user interface program or it may be an
employee in an payroll application. Objects can also represent a data structure
such as a stack or a linked list. It may be a server or a client in a
networking environment.
Objects
with the same data structure and behavior are grouped together as class. In
other words, Objects are “instances” of a class. Classes are templates that
provide definition to the objects of similar type. Objects are like variables
created whenever necessary in the program. For example, Employee may be a class
and Pawan, Sujay and Ganesh are objects of the class employees. Just as you can
create as many
2
Explain about friend functions and friend classes in detail
[5+5]
10
Answer: Friend
functions can be declared anywhere within a class declaration, but it is common
practice to list friends at the beginning of the class. The public and
protected keywords do not apply to friend functions, as the class has no
control over the scope of friends.
If
we want to declare an external function as friend of a class, thus allowing
this function to have access to the private and protected members of this class,
we do it by declaring a prototype of this external function
3
Differentiate between Constructors and Destructors
[5+5]
10
Answer:
Constructors
Constructors
are member functions of a class which have same name as the class name.
Constructors are called automatically whenever an object of the class is
created. This feature makes it very useful to initialize the class data members
whenever a new object is created. It also can perform any other function that
needs to be performed for all the objects of the class without explicitly
specifying it.
A
constructor only knows how to build an object of its own class.
4
Discuss operator overloading. What are the advantage and disadvantage of
operator overloading in brief.
[5+5]
10
Answer:
Operator
overloading is an interesting feature of C++ that allows programmers to specify
how various arithmetic, relational and many other operators work with user
defined data types or classes. It provides a flexible way to work with classes
and can make program code look obvious. To perform addition of two distance
objects we used a call d3.add(d1,d2). Instead of such statements it would be
more clear if we could use statements like d3=d1+d2. This is possible only if
we inform compiler about how + operator works with distance class. This is
exactly what operator overloading feature in C++ does. It helps to use
5
Explain the concept of virtual function and polymorphism in OOPS with example.
[5+5]
10
Answer:
Virtual
means existing in effect but not in reality. Virtual functions are primarily
used in inheritance. Let us suppose you have a class base as shown in the
following program and two classes derv1 and derv2 are publicly derived from
class base. You would like to create a pointer that points to any of the
derived class objects. If you create a pointer of derv1, then it can point to
derv1 object only. Compiler will complain if you assign any other object is
assigned to the pointer. The solution is to create a pointer to Base class.
6
Describe the two basic exception handling models.
[5+5]
10
Answer:
If you encounter an exceptional
situation in your code – that is, one where you don’t have enough information
in the current context to decide what to do – you can send information about
the error into a larger context by creating an object containing that
information and “throwing” it out of your current context. This is called throwing
an exception. Here’s what it looks like: throw myerror(“something
bad happened”); myerror is an ordinary class, which takes
a char* as its argument. You can use any type when you throw (including
built-in types), but often you’ll use special types created just for throwing
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WINTER
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BCA
SEMESTER
SECOND
SUBJECT
CODE & NAME BCA2040- COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Q.
No. 1 What is nonverbal communication? Give five examples for non-verbal
communication
5+5=
10
Answer:
Non-verbal
communication
Non-verbal
communication means the messages that do not contain words.
In
this type of communication, words are not used in the process of sending and
receiving messages. You may wonder, “How is this possible?” It is a proven fact
that most of our communication through words
2
What are the prosodic features of speech?
10
Answer:
Prosodic
features (sometimes known as suprasegmental phonology) are those
aspects of speech which go beyond phonemes and deal with the auditory qualities
of sound. In spoken communication, we use and interpret these features without
really thinking about them. There are various conventional ways of representing
them in writing, although the nuances are often hard to convey on paper.
3
Define hearing and Listening. How is ‘hearing’ different from ‘listening’
4+6
10
Answer:
Listening
is a highly complex, interactive process, “by which spoken language is
converted to meaning in the mind” (Lundsteen, 1979). As this definition
suggests, listening is more than just hearing, although children and adults
often use the two terms, hearing and listening, synonymously.
Hearing
is only one important component of listening.
In
order to become a good learner, you need to become a good listener.
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WINTER 2013,
ASSIGNMENT
PROGRAM
BCA REVISED 2012
SEMESTER
II
SUBJECT
CODE & NAME BCA 2050 & COMPUTER ORGANISATION
Q.No 1 What is signed number? Briefly explain the
best-known methods of extending the binary numeral system to represent signed
numbers.
[4+6] 10
Answer: In computing, signed number
representations are required to encode negative numbers in binary
number systems. In mathematics, '+' sign is used for a positive number and
‘−‘sign for negative numbers in any base. However, in computer hardware, numbers
are represented in bit vectors only without extra symbols. The best-known
methods of extending the binary numeral system to represent signed numbers are:
i) Sign-and-magnitude method
ii) Ones' complement method
2 Explain the Programmer’s Model of 8086.
Answer: programmer’s model of 8086 is the
most important concept to study in the 8086 model. Figure 4.4 shows the
register organisation of 8086. This is termed as the Programmer’s model of
8086.
The registers shown in the programmer’s model are
the one accessible to the programmer. Register set is the most visible
component of the CPU. The 80x86
3 Explain the four micro operations involved in the
instruction cycle. 10
Answer:
Each
phase of instruction cycle can be decomposed into a sequence of elementary operations
called micro operations. Thus there is one sequence of micro operation in every
phase for every op code. The flow chart of all the sequence of micro operations
is tied up together and is as shown in figure 5.3. Here we assume a new 2 bit
register called instruction cycle code (ICC). The ICC values give the state of
the CPU and
4 What is Cache Memory? Explain the principle of
cache memory with relevant diagrams.
[2+8] 10
Answer: For all instruction cycles, the
CPU accesses the memory at least once to fetch the instruction and sometimes
again accesses memory to fetch the operands. The rate at which the CPU can
execute instructions is limited by the memory cycle time. This limitation is
due to the mismatch between the memory cycle time and processor cycle time.
Ideally, the main memory should be built with the same technology as that of
CPU registers, giving memory cycle times comparable to processor cycle times
but this is a too expensive strategy. The solution is to exploit the principle
of locality by providing a small, fast
5 What is the difference between Synchronous and
Asynchronous Data Transfer?
[5+5] 10
Answer: Asynchronous and synchronous
communication represents methods through which signals are transferred in
computing technology. Such signals permit computers to move data between
components inside the computer or between an external network and the computer.
Majority of the operations and actions which occur in computers are carefully
controlled and happen at particular times and intervals. The data transfer on
the system bus might be synchronous or asynchronous.
6 What is Multiprocessing? State two advantages and
disadvantages of multiprocessing. How is it different form multitasking?
[2+4+4] 10
Answer: Multiprocessing is concerned with
the capability of a computer system to provide support to more than one
processor or the capability to accomplish more than one program simultaneously.
The term multiprocessing is also used to describe interconnected computers’
configurations or computers with two or more independent CPUs that have the
ability to simultaneously execute several programs. In such a system,
instructions from different and independent programs are processed at the same
time by different CPUs or the CPUs may execute different instructions from the
same program.
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WINTER
2013, ASSIGNMENT
PROGRAM
- BCA REVISED 2012
SEMESTER
II
SUBJECT
CODE & NAME BCA 2020 & DATA STRUCTURE AND ALGORITHMS
Q.No
1 What is a data structure? Briefly explain the types of data structures.
[4
+ 6]= 10
Answer: Data
structure represents the logical relationship of the particular data sets.
Data
structures can be divided in to two types
· Linear data structure
· Non Linear data structure
Q2
Explain the algorithm for evaluation of a postfix expression. Also give one
example.
[6+4]
10
Answer:
Evaluation
of a postfix expression
Suppose
we have an arithmetic expression written in postfix notation. By using STACK we
are going to evaluate the expression. The following algorithm, which uses a
stack to hold operands, evaluates the expression.
Q3
Explain any five types of Graph. 10
Answer:
Depending
upon the vertices and edges and the weight associated to it, graphs can be
classified as:
1) Undirected
graph: In Undirected Graph, the directions of edges are not assigned.
Edges in the Undirected graph only connect to each other. In an undirected
graph, edge (v1,v2) is equivalent to edge (v2,v1) since they are unassigned.
Q4
Explain the steps involved in Prim's Minimum Spanning Tree Algorithm.
Illustrate it with one example
[5+5]
10
Answer:
In
Prim's algorithm for the minimum spanning tree problem, the strategy is
to begin with a single node in a graph. We start with ({v1},{
}), and grow further until it includes all vertices in the given graph.
Initially the tree contains just an arbitrary starting node v1. At each stage a
vertex not yet in the tree but closest (lower in weight) to some vertex that is
in the tree is found. This closest vertex is added to the tree.
Q5
Elaborate the steps involved in the analysis of first prefix- averages with its
algorithm. 10
ANSWER:
Analysis
of First-Averages
The
different steps involved in the analysis of first averages is discussed below
Step
1: Initialization step for setting up of the
array A [1. .n] takes constant time, say, C1, in
view of the fact that for the purpose, only address of A (or
of A[1] is to be passed. Also after all the values of B
[1...n]
Q6
Briefly explain Greedy Method Strategy. 10
ANSWER:
The
greedy method suggests that one can device an algorithm that works in stages,
considering one input at a time. At each stage, a decision is made regarding
whether a particular input is in an optimal solution. This is done by
considering the inputs in an order determined by some selection procedure.
If the inclusion of the next input into
the partially constructed optimal solution will result in an infeasible
solution, then this input is not added to the partial solution. Otherwise, it
is added. The
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WINTER
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PROGRAM
BCA REVISED 2012
SEMESTER
II
SUBJECT
CODE & NAME- BCA2010 – OPERATING SYSTEM
Q.
No 1 Differentiate between Simple Batch Operating Systems and Time-sharing
Operating Systems.5+5=10 marks
Answer:
Simple
Batch Operating Systems
In
the earliest days digital computers usually run from a console. I/O devices
consisted of card readers, tape drives and line printers. Direct user
interaction with the system did not exist. Users made a job consisting of
programs, data and control information. The job was submitted to an operator
who would execute the job on the computer system. The output appeared after
minutes, hours or sometimes days. The user collected the output from the
operator, which also included a memory dump. The operating system was very
simple and its major task was to transfer control from one job to another.
Q2
What is the best methodology available to create a modular kernel? List the
seven types of loadable kernel modules in Solaris. 3+7=10
Answer:
Modules
Perhaps
the best current methodology for operating-system design involves using
object-oriented programming techniques to create a modular kernel. Here, the
kernel has a set of core components and dynamically links in additional
services either during boot time or during run time. Such a strategy uses
dynamically loadable modules and is common in modern implementations of UNIX,
such as Solaris, Linux and MacOS. For example, the Solaris operating system structure
is organized around a core kernel with seven types of loadable kernel modules:
Q3.
Explain the following scheduling algorithm.
a)
First come First served
b)
Shortest Job First
5+5=10
marks.
Answer: Scheduling
algorithms differ in the manner in which the CPU selects a process in the ready
queue for execution. In this section, we shall describe several of these
algorithms.
a) First-Come-First-Served
Q4.
Define deadlock. Discuss any four conditions that leads to deadlock.
2+8=10
marks
Answer:
Definition:
Several
processes compete for a finite set of resources in a multi-programmed
environment. A process requests for resources that may not be readily available
at the time of the request. In such a case the process goes into a wait state.
It may so happen that this process may never change state because the requested
resources are held by other processes which themselves are waiting for
additional resources and hence in a wait state. This situation is called a
deadlock.
Q5.
Write short notes on:
a)
Segmentation
Answer: Segmentation
is a memory management scheme that supports user’s view of main memory
described above. The logical address is then a collection of segments, each
having a name and a length. Since it is easy to work with numbers, segments are
numbered. Thus a logical address is represented as <segment number,
offset>. User programs when compiled reflect segments present in the input.
Loader while loading segments into memory assign them segment numbers.
Segmentation
hardware
Even
though segments in user view are same as segments in physical view, the
two-dimensional visualization in user view has to be mapped on to a
one-dimensional sequence of physical memory
Q6
What is computer virus? List the types of virus and its various infection methods
2+2+6=10
Answer:
Computer
Virus
A
computer virus is written with an intention of infecting other programs. It is
a part of a program that piggybacks on to a valid program. It differs from the
worm in the following ways:
Worm is a complete program by itself and can
execute independently whereas virus does not operate independently.·
Worm consumes only system resources but virus
causes direct harm to the system by corrupting code as well as data.·
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