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Financial Accounting
Dec 2025 Examination
Q1. TechGen Inc. is closing its fiscal year and has encountered a day with multiple complex transactions: it purchased office equipment worth Rs. 50,000 on credit, paid monthly office rent of Rs. 15,000 by cheque, and received Rs. 25,000 in cash for consultancy services. The accounting team is required to ensure that each transaction is recorded in compliance with the double-entry system and the golden rules of accounting, and that the entries are correctly posted to the respective ledger accounts to maintain the integrity of the financial records. Based on the scenario, how should the accounting manager at TechGen Inc. apply the principles of the double-entry system and the golden rules of accounting to ensure accurate recording of a complex transaction involving the purchase of office equipment on credit, payment of rent by cheque, and receipt of consultancy income in cash? Illustrate the process by detailing the journal entries and their subsequent posting to the ledger. (10 Marks)
Q2. From the following Trial Balance of M/s Orion Traders as on 31st March 2024, along with the additional year-end adjustments, prepare the final Profit & Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2024 and the Balance Sheet as at that date.
You must:
(a) correctly adjust for all items including depreciation, outstanding and prepaid expenses, provision for bad debts, and income received in advance;
(b) interpret the impact of each adjustment on both statements; and
(c) ensure all figures are correctly classified and presented.
Trial Balance of M/s Orion Traders as on 31st March 2024
Account Head | Debit (Rs.) | Credit (Rs.) |
Capital | – | 8,00,000 |
Sales | – | 12,00,000 |
Purchases | 7,70,000 | – |
Sales Returns | 30,000 | – |
Discount Allowed | 12,000 | – |
Administrative Expenses | 1,20,000 | – |
Accounts Receivable |
2,00,000 |
– |
Accounts Payable | – | 1,10,000 |
Fixed Assets |
4,00,000 |
– |
Bank and Cash Balances |
1,50,000 |
– |
Interest Earned | – | 20,000 |
Rent Paid | 38,000 | – |
Selling & Advertisement Expense |
60,000 |
– |
Opening Stock |
2,00,000 |
– |
Closing Stock |
1,50,000 |
– |
|
21,30,000 |
21,30,000 |
Additional Adjustments:
1. Depreciate fixed assets by 10%.
2. Outstanding administrative expenses Rs.15,000.
3. Prepaid rent Rs.6,000.
4. Create a provision for bad and doubtful debts at 5% of accounts receivable after writing off Rs.10,000 as bad debts.
5. Interest earned includes Rs.5,000 received in advance for the next year.
6. Goods worth Rs.20,000 were sent on approval and remain unsold at year-end (these goods are included both in sales and closing stock).
Prepare:
- Final Profit & Loss Account for the year ended 31st March 2024
- Balance Sheet as at 31st March 2024, showing all workings and adjustments clearly. (10 Marks)
Q3(A) A mid-sized enterprise is planning to expand into new markets and invest in advanced technology. The management team is overwhelmed by the volume and complexity of financial data presented in the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. They need a practical, integrated framework that will help them interpret these statements, assess the company’s financial health, and make informed decisions about capital allocation, risk management, and growth strategies. You have been brought in as a financial consultant to develop this framework. Create a decision- making framework for business managers that synthesizes information from the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement to support long-term strategic planning. Illustrate how this framework can be used to evaluate investment opportunities and manage financial risks. (5 Marks)
Q3 (B). A publicly traded company has recently issued convertible debentures, conducted a share buyback, and paid both cumulative and non-cumulative preference dividends. As the fiscal year ends, the finance department must calculate and report both basic and diluted EPS, ensuring that the impact of potential equity dilution is clearly communicated to investors and analysts who rely on these metrics for investment decisions. Design a comprehensive earnings per share (EPS) reporting strategy for a listed company with a complex capital structure, including convertible securities and share buybacks, to provide clear insights into both basic and diluted EPS for current and potential investors. (5 Marks)
Dear students, get fully solved assignments by professionals
Do send your query at :
or call us at : 08263069601
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Dear students, get fully solved assignments by professionals
Do send your query at :
or call us at : 08263069601
(Plagiarism proofed assignments available with 100% surety and refund)
Financial Accounting
Dec 2025 Examination
Q1. A national retail chain is experiencing rapid growth, opening 50 new stores in a single financial year and launching several promotional campaigns that offer deferred payment options to customers. The finance team is struggling to determine the correct timing for recognizing revenue from sales made under these promotions and matching related expenses, as cash inflows and outflows do not always align with the delivery of goods and services. The CFO is concerned that improper application of accounting principles could distort the company’s reported profitability and mislead stakeholders. Based on the scenario, how should the finance team at a rapidly expanding retail chain apply the accrual and realisation concepts to ensure accurate revenue and expense recognition during a period of aggressive store openings and promotional campaigns? (10 Marks)
Q2 (A) TechGen Inc., a leading technology company, recently undertook a comprehensive review of its accounting practices for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2023. The company meticulously followed each step of the accounting cycle, from recording transactions in subsidiary books to preparing financial statements, with the goal of improving transparency and regulatory compliance. However, the CFO is concerned about potential gaps in the process that could affect stakeholder trust and is seeking your critical assessment of their current approach. Critically evaluate TechGen Inc.'s approach to ensuring accuracy and transparency in its accounting cycle, particularly in the context of regulatory compliance and stakeholder trust. Considering the multiple stages from transaction recording to financial statement preparation, what improvements or alternative strategies could be justified to further enhance the reliability of its financial reporting? (5 Marks)
Q2(B) From the following Trial Balance of Gupta & Sons for the years ended December 31,
2018, Prepare:
1. Trading Account
2. Profit & Loss Account
3. Balance Sheet as on that date
Name of the Account | Debit Balances | Credit Balances |
| Rs. | Rs. |
Capital |
| 5,00,000 |
Sales |
| 10,00,000 |
Sales Returns | 25,000 |
|
Purchases | 5,00,000 |
|
Purchases Returns |
| 15,000 |
Inventory as on 1.1.18 | 60,000 |
|
Land & Buildings | 4,00,000 |
|
Plant & Machinery | 3,00,000 |
|
Furniture | 1,00,000 |
|
Wages | 50,000 | - |
Carriage Inwards | 10,000 |
|
Provision for Bad Debts |
| 7,000 |
Carriage Outwards | 5,000 |
|
Cartage | 5,000 |
|
Salaries | 40,000 |
|
Loan |
| 2,60,000 |
Debtors | 1,50,000 |
|
Creditors |
| 70,000 |
Rent |
| 8,000 |
Bills Receivable | 40,000 |
|
Acceptances |
| 10,000 |
General Expenses | 20,000 |
|
Rent & Rates | 10,000 |
|
Investments | 50,000 |
|
Cash in hand | 50,000 |
|
Bank Overdraft |
| 10,000 |
Discount | 4,500 |
|
Bad Debts | 5,000 | - |
Interest on Investments |
| 5,000 |
Interest on Bank Overdraft | 500 |
|
Goodwill | 60,000 |
|
Total | 18,85,000 | 18,85,000 |
|
|
|
Additional Information | ||
1. The value of inventory on December 31, 2018 was Rs. |
1,00,000 |
|
2. Depreciation is to be provided on: Land & Building @ 5% p.a. Furniture @ 10% p.a. Plant & Machinery Rs. 50,000. | ||
3. Provision for Bad Debts is to be maintained @ 5% on debtors. | ||
4. Wages are outstanding to the extent of Rs. 4,000 and Salaries to the extent of Rs. 3,000. | ||
5. Rent and Rates are prepaid to the extent of 1/4th of the amount paid. | ||
6. Interest on Investment outstanding is Rs. . |
1,000 |
|
7. Rent to the extent of Rs. 2,000 has been received in advance. | ||
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or call us at : 08263069601
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