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Business Law
Dec 2025 Examination
Q1. A partnership firm
named M/s Strawgoh Traders, recently formed in Mumbai by three individuals—Amit
Shah, Bhavesh Patel, and Charan Mehta—has encountered an internal dispute. The
firm was registered under the Indian Partnership Act,
1932, and a partnership
deed was executed outlining the roles and responsibilities of each partner. Amit,
one of the partners, independently entered into a supply contract with a third-
party vendor for procurement of raw materials, claiming it was essential for
the firm’s daily operations. However, Bhavesh and Charan objected, stating that
Amit had exceeded his authority as defined in the partnership deed. The deed
explicitly listed certain powers (express authority), such as signing cheques
and approving expenses above Rs.50,000, but was silent on routine procurement
decisions.
Now, the firm faces
potential liability if it fails to honor the contract, and the partners must
determine whether Amit’s actions were legally binding on the firm and suggest a
resolution strategy for this dispute. (10 Marks)
Q2. A private limited
company is currently embroiled in a significant internal conflict between its
shareholders and board of directors. The dispute centers around the scope of
permissible business activities and the extent of decision- making authority
held by the board. As the company has expanded and diversified its operations
over time, the
original constitutional documents—namely, the Memorandum of
Association (MOA) and Articles of Association (AOA)—have remained unchanged
since incorporation.
This lack of revision
has led to ambiguities and interpretational challenges, particularly regarding
the alignment of the company’s current operations with its stated objectives in
the MOA, and the procedural clarity in the AOA concerning board powers,
shareholder rights, and conflict resolution mechanisms. The disagreement has
escalated to formal legal proceedings, with both parties relying on outdated
and vague provisions to support their positions.
Evaluate the
effectiveness of the company’s Memorandum of Association (MOA) and Articles of
Association (AOA) in governing internal management and external relationships.
Critique the current provisions in light of a recent dispute between
shareholders and directors, and recommend amendments to strengthen corporate
governance and prevent future conflicts. (10 Marks)
Q3(A). Mrs. Kavita
Sharma, a resident of Pune, purchased a premium refrigerator from a reputed
electronics brand through an online marketplace. Within two months of purchase,
the refrigerator began malfunctioning—failing to cool and making loud noises.
Despite multiple service requests, the company delayed repairs and refused
replacement, citing minor technical issues. Mrs. Sharma incurred additional
expenses for food spoilage
and had to
rent a temporary
appliance. Mrs. Sharma alleges deficiency in service and
defective product delivery, and seeks compensation for financial loss and
mental agony. She decides to file a complaint under the Consumer Protection
Act, 2019. Please help her in understanding on how to use the greviance
redressal form established under Consumer Protection, 2019 (5 Marks)
Q3(B). A group of
entrepreneurs have incorporated a private limited company to launch a
technology venture. They are aware of the regulatory requirements under the
Companies Act, 2013, and want to establish a strong foundation for corporate
governance and social responsibility (CSR). The founders seek a detailed
governance framework that addresses board structure, compliance, stakeholder
communication, and CSR initiatives. Create a comprehensive governance framework
for a newly incorporated private limited company, focusing on compliance with
the Companies Act, 2013, and best practices in corporate governance and CSR.
How would you ensure transparency, accountability, and stakeholder engagement
from the outset? (5 Marks)
Dear students, get fully
solved assignments by professionals
Do send your query at :
or call us at :
08263069601
(Plagiarism proofed
assignments available with 100% surety and refund)
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