Service Marketing - JNU solved assignments

 

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JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAIPUR

School of Distance Education & Learning

Internal Assignment No. 1

Master of Business Administration / DM

Paper Code:   MBA/DMM-203

Paper Title: Service Marketing

 

 

Q 1. Answer all the questions:

(i) “Value is low price”. Elucidate the statement.

Answer:  Some buyers use the word value to refer to situations where they simply pay a relatively low price, such as when an item is on sale. The focus here is purely on what is given up monetarily. When a product is sold at a specialty reduced price, such as at an inventory clearance, or when a customer receives a discount for using a coupon or takes advantage of a one-time rebate, there is a sense of getting value.

 

(ii) What do you mean by zone of tolerance?

Answer:  It seems that customers have two levels of expectation:

Adequate – what they find acceptable

Desired -what

 

 

(iii) Note down the challenges faced by service providers while opting electronic channels of distribution.

Answer:  The challenges faced by service providers while opting electronic channels of distribution are:-

 

·         Lack of control of the electronic environment

·         Price

 

 

(iv) Write short note on service quality dimensions.

Answer:  The five service quality dimensions are: –

Dimension 1 – tangibles: – The tangible Service Quality Dimension refers to the appearance of the physical surroundings and facilities, equipment, personnel and the way of communication. In other words, the tangible dimension

 

 

 

(v) Enlist any four challenges faced by service organizations while going international.

Answer:  Challenges faced by service organizations while going international: –

1.       Finding real Market requirement: Key to success in business is offering products and services for which customers have a intense need. Customer has problem that needs a solution and service provides solution in such an

 

 

Q.2 Discuss the promotional mix for the insurance sector with justifications.

Answer:  A promotion mix is a set of different marketing approaches that marketers develop to optimize promotional efforts and reach a broader audience. The marketer’s task is to find the right promotion mix for a particular brand.

Developing a

 

 

Q.3 Define services? What are the basic characteristics that distinguish services v/s goods?

Answer:  Services:  A service is an act or performance offered by one party to another. They are economic activities that create value and provide benefits for customers at specific times and places as a result of bringing desired change.

According to Sir William B “Service refers to social efforts which include the Govt. to fight five giant evils – wants, disease, ignorance, squalor, and illness in the society”.

Services are the intangible and non physical part of the economy that cannot be touched. They are perishable in nature as they need

 

Q. 4..Explain the four common types of constraints facing service business and give an example of each.

Answer: The Theory of Constraints is a business management approach proposed by Dr. George Friedman at the University of Southern California. According to his theory, a business constraint is anything that interferes with the profitability of a company or business endeavor. Improving profitability requires the removal or reduction of business constraints. Common business constraints include time, financial concerns, management and regulations.

 

 

 

 

 

JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAIPUR

School of Distance Education & Learning

Internal Assignment No. 2

Master of Business Administration / DM

Paper Code:   MBA/DMM-203

Paper Title: Service Marketing

 

 

Q. 1.    Answer all the questions:

(i) Define services.

Answer: Services:  A service is an act or performance offered by one party to another. They are economic activities that create value and provide benefits for customers at specific times and places as a result of bringing desired change.

According to Sir William B “Service

 

 

(ii) What do you mean by lasting service intensifier?

Answer: Lasting service intensifiers: These are individual stable factors that lead the customer to a heightened sensitivity to service. Most important of these factors is derived service expectations which means

 

 

(iii) What is the meaning of derived service and customer service?

Answer: Derived services : Derived services are the value derived from physical goods is really the service provided by the goods, not the good itself. All products and physical goods are valued for the service they provide.

 

 

(iv) What is meant by emotional labour?

Answer: Emotional labour: Arlie Hochschild created the term ’emotional labor’ in 1983 to describe the things that service workers do that goes beyond physical or mental duties. Showing a genuine concern for customers’ needs, smiling, and making positive eye contact are all critical to a customer’s perception of service quality. These types of

 

 

(v) Enlist any four challenges faced by service organizations as compared to goods producer.

Answer:   A service organization exists to interact with customers and to satisfy customers service requirements. A service organization is when two or more people are engaged in a systematic effort to provide services to a customer - the objective being to serve a customer. For any service to be provided, there has to be a

 

Q.2 Discuss the GAP’s model of service quality.

Answer: GAP’s model:   Service Quality is defined as an evaluation of how well the delivered service matches consumer expectations. It is done to assess the deviations that are occurring while delivering the services to potential customers.

The GAP Model was first proposed by A. Parasuraman, Valarie Zeithaml and Leonard L. Berry in 1985.  The GAP Model of Service Quality helps

 

 

Q. 3.    Explain the logic behind these two quotes:

a)         A complaint is a gift

Answer:  According to A Complaint Is a Gift: Recovering Customer Loyalty When Things Go Wrong, the idea of complaints as gifts must be reinforced at every staff meeting and training session. The company’s policies must be aligned to support this philosophy. A Complaint Is a Gift‘s authors, management consultants Janelle Barlow and Claus Moller, restate some fundamental techniques for handling complaints:

Don’t get

 

 

(b)  The customer who complains is your friend

Answer: Reason #1: You will have a chance to rectify the situation

Since something went wrong according to a client, the complaint gives you an opportunity to fix the problem for them. That is valuable for them and it has to be worth something to you also? If nothing else, you will know a process requires fixing up to prevent it happening again. Customer complaints can create momentum and a desire to fix a problem, which is a good thing. Advanced companies will also close the loop and let the customer

 

 

Q.4 “Market segmentation is important for target markets and target markets are important for product positioning.” Elaborate this statement with examples.

Answer. Market segmentation is important for target markets and target markets are important for product positioning because it: –

Facilitates consumer-oriented marketing: Market segmentation facilitates the formation of marketing-mix which is more specific and useful for achieving marketing objectives. The segment-wise approach is better and effective as compared to an integrated approach for the whole market.

Facilitates the introduction of the suitable marketing mix: Market segmentation enables a producer to understand the needs of consumers,

 

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Sales and Promotion Management - JNU solved assignments

 

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JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAIPUR

School of Distance Education & Learning

Internal Assignment No. 1

Master of Business Administration / DM

Paper Code:   MBA/DMM-202

Paper Title: Sales and Promotion Management

 

                       

Q 1. Answer all the questions:

(i..) What do you mean by sales organization?

Answer : Sales organization: It is a department in company within logistics that designs the company as per the sales requirements. Sales organization is held responsible for the sales and distribution of goods and services. The selling

 

 

 

(ii..) Enlist four limitations of personal selling.

Answer: LIMITATIONS OF PERSONAL SELLING:

(a)     Lack of knowledgeable and skilled salesman: Salesman having the necessary training and aptitude are rare.

(b)   Bad employers: Many employers engaging the services of salesmen are unscrupulous. They violate or circumvent laws an

 

 

(iii ) Note down the ethical challenges faced by in context of sales and distribution management in India.

Answer: Challenges faced : Everyone, at some time or the other, must surely have been sold a product that he or she did not need. Selling is a profession that has been widely criticized for the unethical dimensions associated with it. Ethics is the set of rules or standards that govern the conduct of a person or members of a profess

 

 

(iv ) Compare “sales management” with marketing.

Answer: Comparison: Sales Management mainly deals with managing a company’s sales operations. Sales management is mainly responsible for meeting the sales targets, hiring sales staff, training sales staff, preparing sales reports, order collections,

.

 

(v) Write a brief note on functions of distribution channels.

Answer: Functions of distribution channel: The main function of distribution channel is to assemble the goods from different manufacturer and make it available to the consumer. Apart from this, the channel members also perform a number of other functions like buying, carrying inventory, selling, transporting, financing, etc.

 

Q. 2.  Discuss the importance of selling function and sales force management in today’s global world.

Answer: Importance of Selling function

Buying and selling are two branches of exchange process. Selling is a function in which goods are exchanged with money. So, selling

 

Selling is supposed to be the heart of marketing. The business , which sells goods at reasonable price and satisfies customers, can ge

 

Q. 3. Describe the various factors determining the sales compensation plan.

Answer: Key Factors Determining the Sales Compensation Plan

A good sales compensation plan must treat all salespeople fairly. Nothing will destroy salespeople’s morale faster than a feeling that their pay is inequitable. Many factors influence the remuneration plans of salesmen. Some of those are as follows:

1. Nature of Product

A product m

The companies that give more emphasis on advertisement and publicity may be able to create and maintain the demand for their products.

 

 

Q. 4. Define transportation. What are its means and modes of transport? Also describe the criteria for selecting the effective mode of transport.

Answer:  Definition:

Transportation, the movement of goods and persons from place to place and the various means by which such movement is accomplished. The growth of the ability—and the need—to transport large quantities of goods or numbers of people over long distances at high speeds in comfort and safety has been an index of civilization and in particular of technological progress.

Transportation is treated in a number of articles. For the major types of propulsion used in modern forms of transportation, see energy conversion. For forms of transportation for military applications, see military technology. For the engineering infrastructure on which transportation systems depend, see roads and highways; bridge; ca

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAIPUR

School of Distance Education & Learning

Internal Assignment No. 2

Master of Business Administration / DM

Paper Code:   MBA/DMM-202

                                                Paper Title: Sales and Promotion Management

           

 

Q. 1. Answer all the questions:

(i) What do you mean by pre-interview screening?

Answer: Pre-interview screening: Managers and human resource professionals post job listings in newspapers, on job boards and with professional job placement businesses. The listing can attract multiple candidates for the position, and the manager must sort through these to find the right person for the job. The manager can use a pre-screening interview to eliminate unsuitable applicants before scheduling interviews in person. Hiring managers sort the resumes of interested applicants to develop a list of candidates to call for a pre-screening

 

 

(ii) Enlist any four causes of channel conflict.

Answer:  There are many unique challenges which can face an indirect sales ecosystem, but perhaps none can be as pernicious -or harmful to long run optimization- than channel conflict. Channel conflict is any situation where there is a conflict of interest between a vendor and their sales channels which, in effect, causes components of the sales ecosystem to fight against each other rather than working together.

Causes of channel conflict are: –

 

 

(iii) Differentiate between wholesalers and retailers.

 

Answer:  Wholesalers: Wholesalers generally buy a large quantity of products directly from distributors. High-volume purchase orders typically improve a wholesaler’s buying power. Many distributors provide discounts for a certain number of items purchased or the total amount spent on merchandise. Wholesalers acquire merchandise, such as

 

 

(iv) “A good salesman can be made.” Explain.

Answer: Being a salesman takes special skills that not every person possesses. There are personality and attitude traits that make it easy for some people to be successful in the sales business. Others have to work a little harder. That’s why it’s

 

 

(v) Write a short note on the basis which a sales manager can use to establish sales territories.

Answer: Basis which sales managers use to establish sales territories are: –

Geographic Location: – One factor in determining territories is geographic location. A territory can be divided by states, counties, cities or even several territories within a city. The size of the territory depends on how often the salesperson has to physically visit the customer. smaller size in order to make this possible.

 

 

Q.2 Define a channel of distribution. What factors determine the choice of channel?

Answer. A channel of distribution : A channel of distribution or trade channel is defined as the path or route along which goods move from producers or manufacturers to ultimate consumers or industrial users. In other words, it is a distribution network through which the producer puts his products in the market and passes it to the actual users. This channel consists of: – producers, consumers or users and the various middlemen like wholesalers, selling agents and retailers (dealers) who intervene between the producers and consumers. Therefore, the channel serves to bridge the gap between the point of production and the point of consumption

 

 

Q. 3.    Explain the following techniques of sales forecasting:

a)         Executive Opinion

Answer: Any forecast under this method is done in consultation with person who are directly concerned with the problem. The responsibility is shared by many and the error of judgment is avoided to a great extent. It is based on the committee of experts; as a result better understanding and co-operation are expected in arriving at

 

 

b)         Sales-Force Composite

Answer: Sales-Force Composite: In this method, the organization asks its sales personnel to come up with their forecasts. It is assumed that such persons who are in direct contact with the customers and other members of the distribution channel will be better informed about the trends in demand for the product. The individual forecasts are then combined to get an overall demand forecast for the organization.

But the results can be

 

 

c)         Delphi Method

Answer:  Delhi Method: This is an improvement over the executive opinion method. This method tries to determine the forecasts on the likely time period of occurrence of certain future events and the probability of their occurrence. In this method, a group of experts and a Delphi coordinator will be selected. The experts give their written opinions/forecasts individually to the coordinator. The coordi­nator processes, compiles, and refers them back to the panel members for revision, if any. This to-and-fro process continues for several

 

 

Q.4 What is prospecting, pre-approach and AIDA approach in personal selling? Explain in detail.

Answer. Prospecting: – Prospecting refers to identifying and developing a list of potential clients. Salespeople can seek the names of prospects from a variety of sources including trade shows, commercially-available databases or mail lists, company sales records and in-house databases, website registrations, public records, referrals, directories and a wide variety of other sources. Prospecting activities should be structured so

 

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Consumer Behaviour - JNU solved assignments

 

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JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAIPUR

School of Distance Education & Learning

Internal Assignment No. 1

Master of Business Administration / DM

Paper Code:   MBA/MM-201

Paper Title: Consumer Behaviour

 

                       

 

 

Q 1. Answer all the questions:

(i..) What is learning? List the elements of learning process.

Answer:  Learning: Learning can be defined as a change in behavior as a result of experience. This can be physical and overt, or it may involve complex intellectual or attitudinal which affect behavior in more subtle ways.  There are different elements of learning.

Elements: The elements of learning

 

 

(ii) What do you understand by dynamic characteristic of motivation?

Answer: Characteristics of motivation are:-

1. Motivation is a psychological concept : - motivation should come from inside each individual.

 2. The whole individual

 

(iii) What is relationship marketing?

Answer: Relationship Marketing

Relationship marketing is a strategy designed to foster customer loyalty, interaction and long-term engagement. This customer relationship management (CRM) strategy focuses more on long-term customer retention than

 

 

(iv) List the factors responsible for perceptual distortion.

Answer: Perception is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the environment. Perception is the process by which an individual selects, organizes, and interprets information to create a meaningful picture. Perception depends not only on the physical stimuli

 

 

(v) List the stages of consumer buying decision process.

Answer: Before you can optimize your customer’s buying decision process, you must be clear about what it entails. You must know the consumer buying process definition. The buying decision process is the path that customers take while moving toward doing business with you. It’s similar to a purchase funnel in that it is a downward flowing

 

 

Q.2. Discuss Howard Sheth Model of buying behavior.

Answer: Howard Sheth Model of buying behavior

 The Howard Sheth Model is a sophisticated integration of the various social, psychological, and marketing influences on consumer choice into a coherent sequence of information processing. It aims not only to explain consumer behavior in

 

Q. 3. What are reference groups? Discuss various types of reference groups that are relevant to consumer behaviour.

Answer: Reference groups:  A reference group is the group whose perspective we consider. Now our reference could be very large or very small including few of our family members or few close friends. Reference groups influence people a lot in their buying decisions. They set the levels of lifestyle, purchasing patterns, etc.

Q. 4. What it is important for marketers to study family life cycle. Discuss its significance for marketers.

Answer: Concept: The concept has grown in popularity in the last few decades because of being applied in different kind of industries with successful results. Until now you might have heard about product life cycle or customer life cycle. However, the family life cycles is focusing on shopping styles, information use and decision making differences by a

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

JAIPUR NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, JAIPUR

School of Distance Education & Learning

Internal Assignment No. 2

Master of Business Administration / DM

 

Paper Code:   MBA/DMM-201                     Paper Title: Consumer Behaviour

 

 

Q 1. Answer all the questions:

 (i) List the factors that influence consumer buying behavior.

Answer:  Factors that influence consumer buying behavior: –

Marketing Factors:- Each element of the market mix – product, pricing, promotion and place (distribution) – has the potential to affect the buying process at various stages.

·         Product

·         Pricing

 

(ii) Define reference groups. Give Example.

Answer: Reference groups: A reference group is a concept referring to a group to which an individual or another group is compared. It is a collection of people that we use as a standard of comparison for ourselves regardless of whether we are part of that group. We use reference groups to evaluate the relative worth or desirability of our

 

 

(iii) What do you understand by innate needs? Give examples.

Answer: Innate Needs:  Innate Needs are those an individual is born with. They are Physiological (biogenic) in nature; they include all factors required to sustain physical life like food, water, shelter, clothing, physical safety etc. Goods that are purchased, based on innate needs, are simple things like food, water, clothes, shoes and other necessities. Some people would argue that goods like this would have to be really basic in order for their purchase to be based on innate needs, but whether a customer buys luxury versions of these products or not, the products are still required in their daily life. An individual, or a consumer, would simply be unable to go without these kinds of products in their life.

 

(iv) What is social stratification?

Answer:  Social stratification: Social stratification is a concept involving the “classification of people into groups based on shared socio-economic conditions, a relational set of inequalities with economic, social, political and ideological dimensions.” When differences lead to greater status, power or privilege for some groups over the other it is called social stratification. It is a system by which society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy.

 

(v) List the stages of family life cycle.

Answer:  Family Life Cycle is comprised with 8 different stages:

·         The Bachelor Stage (singles)

·         Full Nest 1 (couples with small children)

·         Parents with Children

·         Full Nest 2 (Middle-aged Couples with dependent children)

·         Empty Nest 1(Middle-aged Couples with no children living at home)

·         Older Couples with no children

·         Empty Nest 2 (Older, Widowed, Single, divorced and retired)

 

Q.2 Discuss Nicosia Model of buying behavior.

 

Answer: Nicosia Model of buying behavior: Francesco M. Nicosia a leading scholar in the field of consumer behavior propounded a comprehensive model in 1966 to analyze consumer’s behavioral processes. The model concentrates on the communication process that occurs between a brand and a consumer. It uses a flow of events through different stages that are identified as fields.

The firms marketing communications, consumer’s attributes, consumer’s decision process and feedback are the main components that are represented in this dynamic model.

Nicosia Field 1: The first field represents the output of a commercial message in the form of advertising or other communication tools and its effect on the consumer individual.

This field is the sum of two subfields. Subfield one that represents the product’s attributes and the brand communication efforts and subfield two with the consumer’s attributes and represents the meaning he gives to the message which affects his reception of the message.

Nicosia Field 2: The message in field one produces a certain attitude on the individual that leads to the search and alternative evaluation phases in the decision process. If from this process results from a motivation to buy we can now advance to Nicosia Field three.

Nicosia Field 3: Field three represents the transformation of motivation into the act of purchase or non-purchase. This leads to a certain purchasing behavior analyzed in field four.

Nicosia Field 4: Field four deals with the use of the purchased item and how it generates an experience that will determine future behavior towards the product as a relation of the purchase consequence stored in memory. The output in field four is feedback of consumption and sales to the company.

With this model Nicosia was able to represent consumer’s behavior when receivers of a message and has agents in the buying process generated by that flow of information from a company. There are a number of arguments that put this model in a difficult position to be widely accepted. This includes the influences and inter-relationships among the consumer attributes, the unspecified type of consumer, the possible existing relationship between the company and the individual or its unique use in first exchange situations.

 

Q. 3.    Discuss the strategies adopted by marketers to make the favorable attitude of people towards their products.

Answer:  A tendency to respond positively or negatively towards a certain idea, object, person or situation is called Attitude. Our attitudes are formed by the influence of the  personal experience, social media, and even from the environment. Therefore, the key strategy for the marketers is to alter the attitudes of the consumers. The aim of the marketers is to create a positive attitude in consumer minds to attract the product comparison to competitor’s. Generally, it is very difficult to change the attitude of the consumers when they suspect that the marketer has a self-serving agenda in bringing about this change(Litvin & MacLaurin 2001). There are five attitude change strategies by Shiffman et al(2014).

1)Changing The Basic Motivational Function: By making a particular needs prominent, we can change the consumer attitudes towards a product or a brand. One method that we can use to change the motivation of the consumer is called functional approach. They are classified into four functions: (i) Utilitarian Function, (ii) Ego-defensive function (iii) Value expressive function and (iv) Knowledge Function

For example, Value Expressive Function; Attitudes can be expressed when the consumer reflect a product or service based on their self concept or central values. It gives consumers to gain positive feelings about themselves through expressing their self image of who they are.If the consumer likes wearing active wear like sports wear it shows her identity that he/she enjoys being active and,sporty . Marketers can approach by targeting the consumer’s attitude on their outlook, lifestyle and self-image by reflecting these characteristics while advertising and marketing.

2)Associating the product with an admired group or event: Attitudes of consumers towards the particular brands and services can possibly be changed by consolidating with social groups or events. For example, recently Mc Donald’s made a biggest fast food collaboration with cartoon Despicable Me 3. Mc Donald’s added a new menus with minions influenced items in order to help promote Despicable Me 3 . The research shows that it is indicated a good idea to exposed to the consumers the reason oftheir sponsorship in order to avoid negative motives.15989819_mcdonalds-philippines-launches-despicable_3a26580f_m

3) Resolving two conflict attitudes: Sometimes, attitude change strategies candetermined actual and possible conflict between two attitudes. If the consumers were made to have a negative impact on the product or a specific brand, but if they do not have any conflict, this made the consumers to alter their judegement of the product. For example, disposing nappies can be made for the environment but as it is made with organic cotton, it helps with the environment sustainability.

 

 

 

4) Altering components of the multi-attribute model : Multi attribute is a strategy  to change the attitude of the consumer by altering the evaluation of products,changing the perception about the brand and remodeling the over-all brand rating by adding an attribute to a product. It changed the negative aspect that the consumers have towards the product or brand by reinforcing their persisting beliefs. It is done by adding an attribute that has been ignored by reflecting its actual product innovation . Therefore it changedthe rating of the brand. Eg- Guinnes beer

 

Q.4 “It is important for marketers as well as for consumers to study consumer behavior.” Justify the statement.

Answer:  The study of consumer behavior enables marketers to understand and predict consumer behavior in the market place. It is concerned not only with what consumers buy but also with why, when, where, how and how often they buy it. Again, consumer research is the methodology used to study consumer behavior and takes place at every phase of the consumption process. Study of consumer behavior is the study of how an individual makes their purchase decision with respect to their available resources (money). In this unit, we are going to discuss the buying behavior of household consumers or personal consumers, institutional consumers and industrial consumers. Generally, personal consumers buy goods and services for their own consumptions and institutional and industrial consumers buy goods and services in order to run their business.

Consumer behavior has become an integral part of strategic market planning. The belief that ethics and social responsibility should also be integral components of every marketing decision is embodied in a societal marketing concept.

Importance of Consumer behavior

(i)                  The study of consumer behavior enables us to become a better consumer. It will help the consumer to take more precise consumption-related decisions.

(ii)                It helps marketers to understand consumer buying behavior and make better marketing decisions.

(iii)               The size of the consumer market is constantly expanding and their preferences were also changing and becoming highly diversified. So without studying it, marketers cannot predict the future of their business.

Marketing managers regarded consumer behavior discipline as an applied marketing science, if they could predict consumer behavior, they could influence it. This approach has come to be known as positivism and the consumer researcher who are primarily concerned with predicting consumer behavior is known as positivists. As the marketing research began to study the buying behavior of consumers, they soon realized that many consumers rebelled using the identical products everyone else used, for example in case of purchase of house, interiors, car, and dress material etc. people prefer unique products. Consumers preferred differential products that they felt reflected their own special needs, personalities and lifestyles.

To meet the need of consumers, marketers adopt market segmentation policy. They use promotional techniques to vary the image of their products so that they would be perceived as better fulfilling the specific needs of certain target segments. Other reasons for the development of consumer behavior includes the rate of new product development, growth of consumer movement, public policy concerns, environmental concerns and the growth of both nonprofit marketing and international marketing.