MS - 28 Labour Laws

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ASSIGNMENT

Course Code                                                                      :                               MS - 28
Course Title                                                                       :                               Labour Laws
Assignment Code                                                            :                               MS-28/TMA/SEM - II/2015
Coverage                                                                             :                               All Blocks

Note : Attempt all the questions and submit this assignment on or before 31st October, 2015 to the coordinator of your study centre.

Q. 1. What are the sources of Industrial jurisprudence? Explain the genesis, objectives and classification of labour legislation in India.

Answer:Industrial legislation finds its origin from the industrial jurisprudence, which is a development of the 20th century world. In India, industrial jurisprudence prevailed before the Independence, but it was in the rudimentary form. Industrial revolution was the emanating factor behind the growth of the industrial jurisprudence. Industrial revolution brought with it the most inhumane aspect of the human life. It saw the exploitation of a man by a man. The maximization of profit, even at the cost of the life of the labourers, was paramount goal of the employer. ‘Freedom of contract’ was the evident result of the laissez faire. The employer was free to fire the employee, at his arbitrariness. Thus the employees were always at the



Q. 2. Discuss the scope and coverage of the Mines Act, 1952. Explain the process of enforcement of the Act.

Answer:The Mines Act, 1952 contains provisions for measures relating to the health, safety and welfare of workers in the coal, metalliferous and oil mines. According to the Act,the term ‘mine’ means “any excavation where any operation for the purpose of searching for or obtaining minerals has been or is being carried on and includes all




Q. 3. Discuss the object, scope and coverage of the Industrial Employment (standing orders) Act, 1946. Explain the concept, nature and certification process of standing orders.

Answer:It applies to every industrial establishment wherein one hundred or more workmen are employed, or were employed on any day of the preceding twelve months :

Provided that the appropriate Government may, after giving not less than two month’s notice of its intention so to do, by notification in the official Gazette, apply the provision of this Act to any industrial establishment employing such number




Q. 4. Explain the objectives, scope and coverage of the minimum wages Act, 1948. Discuss the powers which the Government can exercise under the Minimum Wages Act.

Answer:The Minimum Wages Act 1948 is an Act of Parliament concerning Indian labour law that sets the minimum wages that must be paid to skilled and unskilled labours. The Indian Constitution has defined a 'living wage' that is the level of income for a worker which will ensure a basic standard of living including good health, dignity, comfort, education and provide for any contingency. However, to keep in mind an industry's capacity to pay the constitution has defined a 'fair wage'. Fair wage is that level of wage that not just maintains a level of



Q. 5. Discuss the genesis and applicability of the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948. Explain the procedure for registration of a factory or an establishment under the Act. State the various benefits payable under the Act?

Answer:Employees' State Insurance is a self-financing social security and health insurance scheme for Indian workers. For all employees earning 15000 (US$230) or less per month as wages, the employer contributes 4.75 percent and employee contributes 1.75 percent, total share 6.5 percent. This fund is managed by the ESI Corporation (ESIC


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Elective: Services Marketing Management (Part -2)

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National Institute of Business Management
Chennai - 020
EMBA/ MBA

Elective: Services Marketing Management (Part -2)

Attend any 4 questions.  Each question carries 25 marks
(Each answer should be of minimum 2 pages / of 300 words)

Q. 1.       What makes consumers or institutional buyers select and remain loyal to one service supplier over another? Explain

Answer:The central idea behind marketing is the idea that a firm or other entity will create something of value to one or more customers who, in turn, are willing to pay enough (or contribute other forms of value) to make the venture worthwhile considering opportunity costs. Value can be created in a number of different ways. Some firms manufacture basic products (e.g., bricks) but provide relatively little value above that. Other firms make products whose tangible value is supplemented by services (e.g., a computer manufacturer provides a computer loaded with software and provides a warranty, technical support, and software updates). It is not necessary for a firm to physically handle a product to add value—e.g., online




Q. 2.       Explain the need for Focus in Competitive Strategy.

Answer:A focus strategy is one business approach outlined by management expert and author Michael Porter in his "Generic Strategies" model. Cost leadership, differentiation and focus strategies are the three main general approaches the model suggests companies can use when attempting to leverage core business strengths to achieve competitive advantages. In any business strategy, competitive advantage must play a big role.

Strategy Basics: The cost leadership and differentiation strategies are recommended for businesses that have products or services with broad market appeal. Focus strategies are more useful for smaller companies or those with a more narrow or niche audience. Porter divided the focus strategy into two sub-strategies -- cost focus and



Q. 3.       Developing a positioning strategy can take place at several different levels, depending on the nature of the organization involved. Explain

Answer:

Q. 4.       Once a target segment has been selected, firms need to provide their market with the right service concept. Why? Explain.

Answer:

Q. 5.       Why consumers perceive service environments holistically?Explain

Answer:The growing presence of digital multimedia in everyday life, as evidenced by the continuing increase in Internet usage, is expected to augment or replace traditional modes of social and economic interaction. Face-to-face meetings, paperwork, and office-space are all expected to diminish in importance as cyberspace provides new facilities and interaction modes. In the higher education sector, distributed learning environments (DLEs) are being cited as solutions to the ambitious political goals of better education, wider access and lower costs. DLEs are still in their infancy however, and if they are to succeed in




Q. 6.       When should service markets consider the use of temporary promotions?Explain.

Answer:Promotion is one of the market mix elements, and a term used frequently in marketing. Fundamentally, there are three basic objectives of promotion:

·         To present information to consumers as well as others.
·         To increase demand.
·         To differentiate a product.

There are different ways to promote a product in different areas

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Elective: Services Marketing Management (Part -1)

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National Institute of Business Management
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EMBA/ MBA

Elective: Services Marketing Management (Part -1)

Attend any 4 questions.  Each question carries 25 marks
(Each answer should be of minimum 2 pages / of 300 words)

Q. 1.       Why is it important to learn about services marketing, service quality, and service management? Explain

Answer:Stated simply, Services Marketing refers to the marketing of services as against tangible products.In order to ensure and increase the 'conformance quality' of services, that is, service delivery happening as designed, various methods are available. Some of these include Guaranteeing; Mystery Shopping; Recovering; Setting standards and measuring; Statistical process control and Customer involvement.Service quality is a comparison of expectations with performance. A business with high service quality will meet customer needs whilst remaining economically competitive. Improved service quality may increase economic competitiveness.  This aim may be achieved by understanding and improving operational processes; identifying problems quickly and systematically; establishing valid and reliable service





Q. 2.       Explain Why? The inattention of the service sector can be found in several myths surrounding services since the mid-1800s. A myth is a popular belief, usually oversimplified, that tends to explain only part of the phenomena.

Answer:

Q. 3.       How can new services be designed and tested effectively when the service is essentially an intangible process? Explain

Answer:A service is an act or performance offered by one party to another. Although the process may be tied to a physical product, the performance is essentially intangible and does not normally result in ownership of any of the factors of production.

Services are economic activities that create value and provide benefits for customer’s specific times and places, as a result of bringing about a desired change in – or on behalf of – the recipient of the service. Service is those separately identifiable, essentially intangible activities which provide want-satisfaction, and that are not necessarily tied to the sale of a product or another service. To produce a service may or may not require the use of tangible goods. However when such use is required, there is no transfer of title (permanent ownership) to these tangible goods.

One common method of defining a service is to





Q. 4.       Explain Why? Investors today want executives to demonstrate that their companies can make money and grow, the old-fashioned way by earning it from the value proposition they offer customers.

Answer:

Q. 5.       Do we need additional skill sets besides marketing, operations, and human resources? Explain.

Answer:It is key to match the competencies in your organization to the needs of implementing your strategy (Cook, p.106). The following questions will help you focus on your organizational needs to implement:

·         Do people implementing the plan have the required competencies to effectively implement the strategy?
·         At all levels, people who have the needed skills, motivation, and personal characteristics must staff the company. Identify what competencies are needed and then equip and train your people to deliver them. For example, a bank wanting to improve customer satisfaction and retention may have to do some training to communicate new policies and customer-oriented employee attitudes. If a gap exists, it may be necessary to hire people who already possess the skills needed.
·         Does your strategy require skills of key management personnel in order for it to be effectively implemented?




Q. 6.       Explain factors that influence customer expectations of service.

Answer:Four factors that influence the desired and adequate service expectations are as follows: 1. Explicit service promises 2. Implicit service promises 3. Word-of-mouth communications 4.Past experience.

When consumers are interested in purchasing services, they are likely to seek or take in informa­tion from several different sources. For example, they may call a store, ask a friend, or deliberately track newspaper advertisements to find the needed service at the lowest price.

They may also receive service information by watching television or hearing an unsolicited comment from a colleague about a service that was performed well. In addition to these active and passive types of external search for information,



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Case Study

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Case Study


Q. Can voluntary ISO 9000 certification alleviate regulatory burden & improve safety? Enhancing awareness of ISO 9000 certified companies’ performance improvements as a possible means to reform regulation (any company of your choice)

Answer:Based on quality assurance theories and empirical observations the aim of the proposed research is to develop an explanation for if, when, and, under which circumstances and conditions ISO9000, the world's most popular quality assurance and management system, is likely to have a positive effect on a trucking company's safety and other performance results. The conditions under which companies become certified differ. These differences range from the size and visibility of the company, its motivation for certification, the auditors and consultants the company engages, the process and content of certification itself (e.g. the experience of the auditors with the industry and its safety problems and their capability of transferring their experience to the certified company), and post-certification actions the company takes, for example the kind of and post-certification actions the company takes, for example the kind of driver training it introduces, the maintenance practices it follows, and the way it learns from mishaps and other types of near misses through the corrective action procedure that ISO9000 imposes.

For instance to what extent does certification lead to the collection of new data about mishaps and the introduction of a new procedure for learning

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SUBJECT - SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

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Case Study Project
Total Marks: 80


SUBJECT - SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Group A


Case Study 1
-Supply Chain Management at Bose Corporation


Q. 1. Briefly present the salient features of the integrated supply chain management system at Bose?

Answer:If your company makes a product from parts purchased from suppliers, and those products are sold to customers, then you have a supply chain. Some supply chains are simple, while others are rather complicated. The complexity of the supply chain will vary with the size of the business and the intricacy and numbers of items that are manufactured. SCM is the acronym for the term “Supply Chain Management”. Supply Chain Management is the management of a network of interconnected businesses involved in the ultimate provision of product



Q. 2. Discuss how the strategy development process might work at a company like Bose?

Answer:Bose has a long standing relationship with W.N. Procter. a Boston based freight forwarder and customs broker. Procter handles customs clearance and shipping from suppliers to Bose. Procter provides Bose with up-to-the minute electronic data interchange (EDI) capabilities which enable Bose to track parts as they move through its global supply chain. Procter provides several other services to Bose such as selecting overseas agents who can help move goods out of the Far East. Procter’s well-established network of overseas contacts is especially useful when shipments must be expedited through foreign customs. Procter also is electronically linked into the US customs system, which allows it to clear freight electronically as much as five days





Q. 3. What should be the relationship between Bose’s supply management strategy and the development ofits performance measurement system?

Answer:Bose has developed a detailed supplier performance system that measures on-time delivery, quality performance, technical improvements and supplier suggestions. A report is generated twice a month from this system to be sent to the suppliers providing feed-back about supplier performance. Bose has written contracts with suppliers. After six months of delivery without rejects. Bose certifies the suppliers as qualified




Q. 4. Discuss the importance of quality of purchased components to Bose?

Answer:Perhaps one of the most unique features of Bose’s procurement and logistics system is the development of JIT II. The basic premise of JIT H is: “the person who can do the best job of ordering and managing inventory of a particular item is the supplier itself” Bose negotiated with each supplier to provide a full— time employee at the Bose plant who was responsible for ordering. shipping and receiving materials from that plant, as well as managing on-site inventories of the items. This was facilitated through an EDT connection between Bose’s plant and the supplier’s facility.




Case -2 SKF Bearing’s Best Practices


Q. 1. Discuss the activities involved in the supply chain of SKF Bearings?

Answer:Supply chain management (SCM) is the management of the flow of goods and services. It includes the movement and storage of raw materials, work-in-process inventory, and finished goods from point of origin to point of consumption. Interconnected or interlinked networks, channels and node businesses are involved in the provision of products and services required by end customers in a supply chain.Supply chain management has




Q. 2. Explain how .SKF establishes strong control over its outbound logistics?
                                                                                                                                      
Answer:SKF’s outbound logistics outsourcing is characterized by strong control over quality norms and delivery schedules by SKF personnel. Outbound warehousing which is a completely outsourced activity is controlled by SKF personnel by integrating the warehouses through their in-house developed ERP software platform. Training of logistics company personnel to load/unload goods, assemble and disassemble and for integrating




Q. 3. What is meant by vendor managed inventory (VMI)?

Answer:The warehousing costs of this company are higher than theiroutbound transportation costs because of the extensive warehousing practices, but they have achievedgains through the application of internal control over implementation of quality norms, strict adherenceto Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and a robust system of IT implementation throughout theirsupply chain, Future Plans: Moving slowly towards Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) for inbound sourcing and also looking at outsourcing more warehouse management responsibilities. Looking toimplement more definitive 3PL solutions for outbound activities of the supply chain, but will still, keepoperational control in its own hands.




Q. 4. What meant by third party (3PL) logistics solutions? Explain how SKF will be able to implement thesame?

Answer:A third-party logistics provider (abbreviated 3PL, or sometimes TPL) is a firm that provides service to its customers of outsourced (or "Third Party") logistics services for part, or all of their supply chain management functions. Third party logistics providers typically specialize in integrated operation, warehousing and transportation services that can be scaled and customized to customers' needs based on market conditions, such as the demands and delivery service requirements for their products and materials. Often,





Case -3 Chrysler Unseats its Competition with Supplier Partnerships

Q. 1. Discuss the approach of Chrysler’s operations managers in developing arid building the Neon model?

Answer: It was snowing outside the new Chrysler Headquarters building on Friday afternoon, December 5, 1997, as Thomas T. Stallkamp looked through his window and wondered whether Chrysler was on the right path. Stallkamp was credited as a driving force behind the radical innovations in Chrysler's supply chain management that had fueled the carmaker's resurgence during the last seven years, and had just been named President of The Chrysler Corporation.  Many questions came to mind as he reviewed his weekly SC




Q. 2. Discuss the relevance of this case to the study of supply chain management?

Answer: Supply chain management (SCM) is the oversight of materials, information, and finances as they move in a process from supplier to manufacturer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. Supply chain management involves coordinating and integrating these flows both within and among companies. It is said that the ultimate goal of any effective supply chain management system is to reduce inventory (with the assumption that products are available when needed). As a solution for successful supply chain management, sophisticated




Q. 3. What benefits a manufacturing firm can achieve from its suppliers, through outsourced manufacturing?

Answer: When most people think of the term outsourcing in regard to a manufacturing company, they immediately think of moving production out of the United States to another country or offshore outsourcing. Manufacturing companies have a myriad of reasons for outsourcing production, but the main impetus for deciding in favor of outsourcing usually boils down to one thing: cost reduction.





Q. 4. Discuss the differences between outsourcing and out-partnering?

Answer: The terms "partnering" and "outsourcing" are thrown about so frequently .... and in so many contexts .... that it's hard to nail down an exact definition for either.

These two practices are becoming ever so common among the business community, and although the distinction between them is becoming increasingly blurred, they do have distinguishing traits, which bear consequential benefits and risks.

It has been said that the practice of outsourcing should be looked upon not as a simple customer-vendor relationship, but rather as a partnership where the engaging parties mutually benefit from their agreement. While this may be a sound



Case -4Delphi Automotive Setting New Norms



Q. 1. Explain the supply chain of Delphi Automotive.

Answer:Delphi Automotive India Ltd. is the Indian arm of the global giant Delphi Automotive. The major components that Delphi supplies in the country are steering columns, half shafts, AC Units, Engine Management systems, Catalytic Converters and Wiring Harnesses. The Company also takes up sourcing requirements of clients based out of India.




Q. 2. Explain how Delphi Automotive manages its inbound sourcing.

Answer:Delphi Automotive India has outsourced the entire inbound sourcing part of the supply chain to its suppliers, totaling about 150. They are responsible for the inbound transportation and warehousing of components before the latter reaches any of Delphi’s manufacturing plants.

Nexteer might be a relatively new name among tier suppliers but its production history goes back decades. Formerly the steering division of Delphi, it was taken over and run as a separate business unit by General Motors when Delphi emerged from bankruptcy in 2009. In 2010, after GM emerged from its own bankruptcy, the company was bought by




Q. 3. Explain how Delphi Automotive manages its outbound logistics.

Answer:For outbound transportation and warehousing. the company works with a mixture of national transporters and organised logistics solution providers, Its outbound warehousing has been outsourced to a trading company with capabilities in warehouse management. To make sure that quality norms are adhered to and supply schedules are met, logistics service provider and transporter evaluation is done on the basis of requirement levels met, which is 100 percent for any component before it goes on to the line. This is a very Important service level definition on which logistic solution providers and transporters are evaluate





Q. 4 Suggest a suitable strategy for Delphi Automotive to Improve its supply chain effectives.

Answer:Since the stock and inventory checking aspects of the supply chain have been automated, details of stocksand status of delivery can be tracked. Web enabledconsignment tracking facilities are provided by Delphi India to its foreign customers enabling the latter totrack the status and location of their’ consignments at any given point in time. Indian customers areslowly being provided with this facility. Also, Indian customers can place




Group B



Case-5 Karnataka Engineering Company Limited


Q. 1. At what volumes is the opening of a warehouse in a state justified primarily on the grounds of the 4 percent central sales tax for transactions across states?

Answer:The problem here is a relatively complex one, in theory, because of the number of different but interrelated decisions that have to the made. Two options are suggested to approach this problem. One is to decompose the decision areas (typically in the order of the hierarchy described above) and calculate only the aggregate contributions from other decisions. For example, a shipment size can be assumed while deciding the number and location of warehouses (and that would determine the relevant costs), and this can be repeated for each significant option. Another approach is to explicitly and simultaneously




Q. 2. How many warehouses do you think are required for the distribution of KEC’s products in AndhraPradesh? What could the candidate locations of the warehouses be? What would be the criteria on whichto select the candidates?

Answer:By 1983 (the case time context), the two-wheeler market had been liberalised and companies had to deal with the new realities. Logistics was one of the business activities which got a strong look. The case of Karnataka Engineering Company Limited (KEC) provides the background for analysing a key set of logistical concerns.

Strengthening the distribution network for finished products is one of the most direct ways of improving service effectiveness and cost efficiency of a firm’s marketing related operations. The cost of selling up and operating different facilities in the




Q. 3. Determine the optimal selection of warehouses and the best allocation of demand points to the selectedwarehouses?

Answer:Five hierarchical decisions have to be made in this case; deciding on the number of warehouses, the location of those warehouses, the allocation of demand points to a warehouse, the selection of a shipment size, and an order processing and routing policy for the actual distribution from warehouse to demandpoints. Here, shipments from depots to dealers are through trucks or LCVs. Depending on the order processing discipline that is selected, one could have the possibility of meeting the demands of two or more dealers with a




Q. 4. What are the best choices for shipment (truck) size from warehouses to demand points? Given the size,what routing would you recommend for a typical dispatch run?

Answer:In 1987, there was a slump in the Two-wheeler market which affected all manufacturers badly. The market became extremely competitive. This forced KEC to look for ways to tackle the increased competitiveness. It was felt by the Staff Vice-President (Corporate Planning) that the physical distribution function was a source of competitive advantage which, if properly handled, could yield substantial dividends that would be visible


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SUBJECT : GENERAL MANAGEMENT



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Case Study Project
Total Marks: 80


SUBJECT : GENERAL MANAGEMENT


ATTEMPT ANY 4 CASES, EQUAL MARKS PER CASE




Case Study 1

Q. 1. Assume you want to lead the change to save the Kollkal plant. Describe how you would proceed?

Answer:Companies today must be fast and nimble enough to react quickly to changes in customer demand and do it with little inventory. Gone are the days when manufacturers could stockpile large quantities of raw materials, load up the shop floor with work-in-process and pack warehouses with finished goods. The old ways caused erratic and long lead times, high costs and required too much cash for working




Q. 2. What is the primary type of change needed - technology, product, structure or people/culture?

Answer:Instead of the Rs.20/- per hour paid to the Kollakal workers the wages paid to the migrant workers nearAurangabad will be much cheaper Rs.7/- hour working in sub human conditions. This provides asaving of 15 lakhs to the company for a year, which, can now be used to meet the costs for training,transportation and other matters.





Q. 3. What techniques would you use to overcome union resistance and implement change?

Answer:In business, the one thing you can be assured of is change. As the economy ebbs and flows, so must the strategies employed by business. If your organization experiences change it may also need to implement new business strategies, which can create resistance among employees. While every organization is different, there are some



Case -2


Q. 1. What is more important the statement in a corporate culture document or actual managerialbehaviour?

Answer:Peter Richards read over the Falcon values statement shortly after he was hired as a software trainer. After observing managerial and employee behaviors at Falcon for a few weeks, he was struck by wide discrepancy between the values expressed in the document and what he observed as actual practice within the organization. For example the Falcon values document-contained statements such as this: "Quality;




Q. 2. Why did the Falcon executives act as they did?

Answer:A small group of managers at Falcon Computer met regularly on Wednesday mornings to develop a statement capturing what they considered to be the 'Falcon Culture'. Their discussions were wideranging, covering what they thought their firm's culture was, what it should be and how to create it. They were probably influenced by other firms in their environment since they were located in the Silicon Valley area of California. Falcon computer was a new firm, having been created just eight months earlier. Since the corporation was



Q. 3. Why didn't employees like Richards blow the whistle on Falcon, challenging the inconsistencybetween values and behaviour?

Answer:Richards soon became disillusioned. He confided in a coworker on afternoon "the falcon values document was so at avarice with what people saw everyday that very few of them took it seriously." Employees quickly learned what





Q. 4. How can executives go about changing the old values that govern an organization?

Answer:Culture consists of group norms of behavior and the underlying shared values that help keep those norms in place. Take your work, for example, a place where almost everyone shows up between 8:55 and 9:05. Why? Not because the



Case -3


Q. 1. Study the case below.Discuss customer insight? Define CRM,role and advantages for todaysmanagement?

Answer: Everyone once in a while, there is a new face at my door asking me if I own a Zento purifier. Dammit, don't you have a customer file? No, he says. We go from door to door. Splendid. Then what do you do with all the data you collect? And every one of these men asks me the same questions: when did you buy it, what is your model number, is it working properly? The worst is: " What is your address?" I don't care what the information is being used for. But I don't want to be disturbed for information, which you already have.





Case -4

Company Social Responsibility & AIDS

Q. 1. What is the impact of AIDS on businesses? Do you agree that businesses in the near future wouldbe actively interested in addressing the issue of AIDS? Justify your answer

Answer:According to significant research focused on the AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa, the virus generally targets the working-age population. Affecting people in their most productive years of life, it leads to reduced earnings, as well as increased care demands, higher expenditure on health care and premature death. Savings and disposable income decline. In the long term, the consumer market is reduced, leading to a drop in resources available for production and investment. Reduced consumer demand, resources and investment possibilities directly affect economic growth. By the year 2020, the World Bank estimates that the




Q. 2. ABC Corporation wants to partner with an NGO and address the issue of AIDS around its factory,discuss what steps should ABC Corporation take to initiate, manage and sustain its partnership with the NGO.

Answer:Solutions to large global challenges often start with small, local actions. When you see a need or a problem in your community, you can make a difference by standing up and taking action. An artist may see youth in his neighborhood with nothing to do after school and start an informal art program. An educator may notice that young girls from poor families don’t attend school regularly and set up a Saturday tutoring program. A nurse may learn that women in her community are uninformed about basic health services and organize informational workshops. 





Case-5


QUESTIONS:

Q. 1) What happened when Prakash got promoted to the position of Asst. Manager (Marketing)? Whydid this happen?

Answer:Assist Marketing Manager in planning and supervising marketing operations to achieve revenue target.  Coordinate with Brand Manager in developing marketing plan and budget.  Analyze sales data and determine sales forecast.  Recommend creative and cost effective promotional activities.  Conduct marketing campaigns and trade shows to promote brand awareness among consumers.  Coordinate with art departments to



Q. 2) If you were entrusted with the responsibility of managing 6 sales representatives & creating aneffective sales team, how would you do it?

Answer: Shreyans called Prakash for an informal chat and advised him to go a little easy with people. Prakash was clearly agitated about this since he took this as a personal affront, as he sensed during this meeting that someone must have complained about his behavior to Shreyans. Instead of going easy with the team, he turned more bitter in his approach. He called a meeting of all the sales representatives, and indirectly communicated his displeasure with the incident. He once again made it clear that the targets were attainable but needed a


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